His mother was María de la Concepción Palacios y Blanco, and his father was Colonel Don Juan Vicente Bolívar y Ponte. [68], He founded the Masonic Lodge No. José María Obando, the first President of the Republic of New Granada (that succeeded the Gran Colombia), had been directly linked to the assassination of Antonio José de Sucre in 1830. Simon Bolivar (n.) 1. [7]:248 After the restoration of the Cádiz Constitution, Morillo ratified two treaties with Bolívar on 25 November 1820, calling for a six-month armistice and recognizing Bolívar as president of the republic. The following year, because of the rebellion of José Tomás Boves and the fall of the republic, Bolívar returned to New Granada, where he commanded a force for the United Provinces. If dire circumstances should cause you to abandon it, there will be no health for the country, and you will drown in the ocean of anarchy, leaving as your children's legacy nothing but crime, blood, and death. After a coup on 19 April 1810, Venezuela achieved de facto independence when the Supreme Junta of Caracas was established and the colonial administrators were deposed. Definition of simon bolivar in the Definitions.net dictionary. [37] Moreover, there were attempts by the Spanish monarchy to reconquer their former settlements in the Americas through expeditions that would help the remaining loyalist forces and advocates. These separatists, among them José Antonio Páez and Francisco de Paula Santander, had justified their opposition to Bolívar for this reason and publicly denounced him as a monarch. In his later days he always insisted that the title of “liberator” was higher than any other and that he would not exchange it for that of king or emperor. Orígenes, conceptualización y consecuencias", "Chávez, Assailed on Many Fronts, Is Riveted by 19th-Century Idol", "Doctors Reconsider Health and Death of 'El Libertador,' General Who Freed South America", "Simon Bolivar died of arsenic poisoning", "Venezuela opens Bolivar's tomb to examine remains", "Venezuela unable to determine cause of Bolivar's death. Bolivar initially tried to forgive those who were considered conspirators, members of the "Santander" faction. [7]:403 Dissent continued, and uprisings occurred in New Granada, Venezuela, and Ecuador during the next two years.[32]. The currency of Venezuela. His father died when the boy was three years old, and his mother died six years later, after which his uncle administered his inheritance and provided him with tutors. My only desire has been to contribute to your freedom and to be the preservation of your peace of mind. Taking advantage of the disorder in Spain prompted by the Peninsular War, Bolívar began his campaign for independence in 1808. In fact his maternal grandmother, Francisca Blanco de Herrera, was a descendant of the original Canarian people, as she was the granddaughter of Juana Gutiérrez, of "the Guanche nation", and also came from other Canarian families established in Venezuela, such as Blanco, Ponte, Herrera, Saavedra, Peraza, Ascanio and Guerra. [40], On 17 December 1830, at the age of 47, Simón Bolívar died of tuberculosis[41] in the Quinta de San Pedro Alejandrino in Santa Marta, Gran Colombia (now Colombia). [44] In April 2010, infectious diseases specialist Paul Auwaerter studied records of Bolívar's symptoms and concluded that he might have suffered from chronic arsenic poisoning, but that both acute poisoning and murder were unlikely. We are neither Indians nor Europeans, yet we are a part of each.” He proposed constitutional republics throughout Hispanic America, and for the former Viceroyalty of New Granada he envisioned a government modeled on that of Great Britain, with a hereditary upper house, an elected lower house, and a president chosen for life. Bushnell, David (ed.) [7]:233 Bolívar returned to Angostura, when congress passed a law forming a greater Republic of Colombia on 17 December, making Bolívar president and Zea vice president, with Francisco de Paula Santander vice president on the New Granada side, and Juan Germán Roscio vice president on the Venezuela side. This romance was clear in their letters, but few of them have survived. Even if he disagreed with the crowning, he was highly sensitive to the popular veneration inspired by the hero.[15]. p. 124. [72] Bolívar disapproved of the excesses of "party spirit" and "factions", which led to an anti-political environment in Venezuela. [7]:287 On 26 and 27 July 1822, Bolívar held the Guayaquil Conference with the Argentine General José de San Martín, who had received the title of "Protector of Peruvian Freedom" in August 1821 after partially liberating Peru from the Spanish. This was the beginning of the Admirable Campaign. Fernando died in 1898 at the age of 88. Explanation of Bolivar, Simon. Another sister, María del Carmen, died at birth.[1]. [14], Toward the end of the 17th century, copper mining became so prominent in Venezuela that the metal became known as cobre Caracas ("Caracas copper"). Colombians! Results of Simon Bolivar's actions? We are a world apart, confined within two oceans, young in arts and sciences, but old as a human society. (At the time, "Colombians" referred to the people of Gran Colombia (Venezuela, New Granada, and Ecuador), not modern-day Colombia): Colombians! [7]:394 He considered this a temporary measure, as a means to reestablish his authority and save the republic, although it increased dissatisfaction and anger among his political opponents. According to data collected by Forebears in 2014, Bolivar is the 901st most common surname in the Philippines, occurring in … This delegation presided by Bolívar also included two future Venezuelan notables Andrés Bello and Luis López Méndez. He lived in Napoleonic France for a while and undertook the Grand Tour. A couple of years later, he returned to the care of his parents, but this experience would have a major effect on his life. The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). The Quinta near Santa Marta has been preserved as a museum with numerous references to his life. María Antonia became Bolívar's agent to deal with his properties while he served as president of Gran Colombia and she was an executrix of his will. "Simón Bolívar and friends: Recent biographies of independence figures in Colombia and Venezuela", This page was last edited on 2 April 2021, at 17:50. The last provision, to which Bolívar clung throughout his career, constituted the most dubious feature of his political thinking. One of Bolívar’s tutors—a man named Simón Rodríguez—introduced him to the world of liberal thought. [85], Outside of Latin America, the variety of monuments to Simón Bolívar are a continuing testament to his legacy. At the age of 16, Bolívar was sent to Europe to complete his education. It might be outdated or ideologically biased. [36], Indeed, such struggles already existed shortly after the patriot victory over the loyalists because the former Spanish colonies created new nations that proclaimed their own autonomous states, which produced military confrontations with political conspirations that sent some of the former independence heroes into exile. Simón Bolívar was born in a house in Caracas, Captaincy General of Venezuela, on 24 July 1783. His forces entered Bogotá in 1814 and recaptured the city from the dissenting republican forces of Cundinamarca. She retired to Bolívar's estate in Macarao, which she inherited from him. Most of them were ephemeral and did not last long. In May 1806 he was conferred the rank of Master Mason in the "Scottish Mother of St. Alexander of Scotland" in Paris. In exile, Bolívar turned his energies toward gaining support from Great Britain, and, in an effort to convince the British people of their stake in the freedom of the Spanish colonies, he wrote the greatest document of his career: La carta de Jamaica (“The Letter from Jamaica”), in which he outlined a grandiose panorama from Chile and Argentina to Mexico. Despite a number of hindrances, including the arrival of an unprecedentedly large Spanish expeditionary force, the revolutionaries eventually prevailed, culminating in the patriot victory at the Battle of Carabobo in 1821, which effectively made Venezuela an independent country. He was unwilling to accept the constitutional authority of Bolivar's government in distant Bogotá and declared Venezuela's independence from Gran Colombia in 1829. [54][55] Contrary to the arguments exposed by Heinz Dieterich, Carlos Álvarez Saá, and a book edited by Fundación Editorial El Perro y la Rana publishing house in 2007, several letters attributed to both Bolívar and Manuela are intentional forgeries.[56]. Through further military campaigns, he ousted Spanish rulers from Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia, the last of which was named after him. He had two older sisters and a brother: María Antonia, Juana, and Juan Vicente. The countries of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, and Bolivia all owe their independence largely to him. He is also the central character in Gabriel García Márquez's 1989 novel The General in His Labyrinth, in which he is portrayed in a less heroic but more humane manner than in most other parts of his legacy. [7]:224 If a republic could be established in such a land, in his mind, it would have to make some concessions in terms of liberty. Simón Bolívar (Llamado el Libertador; Caracas, Venezuela, 1783 - Santa Marta, Colombia, 1830) Caudillo de la independencia hispanoamericana. He then laid siege to Cartagena but failed to unite the revolutionary forces and fled to Jamaica. These caudillos maintained their control primarily on the basis of their personalities, as well as skewed interpretations of their popularity and what constituted a majority among the masses. On his deathbed, Bolívar asked his aide-de-camp, General Daniel F. O'Leary, to burn the remaining extensive archive of his writings, letters, and speeches. Another sister, María del Carmen, died at birth. Six days later, and as a result of Spanish massacres on independence supporters, Bolívar dictated his famous "Decree of War to the Death", allowing the killing of any Spaniard not actively supporting independence. Its commander was Pablo Morillo. Bolivarianism is a mix of panhispanic, socialist and national - patriotic ideals fixed against injustices of imperialism, inequality and corruption named after Simón Bolívar, the 19th-century Venezuelan general and liberator from the Spanish monarchy then in abeyance, who led the struggle for independence throughout much of South America. Miranda called Bolívar a “dangerous youth,” and Bolívar had misgivings about the aging general’s abilities. He describes Bolívar as a coward who repeatedly abandoned his military commission in front of the enemy and also as a great lover of women who was accompanied at all times by two or more of his mistresses during the military operations. His birthday is a public holiday in Venezuela and Bolivia. The new South American union had revealed its fragility and appeared to be on the verge of collapse. Ironically, these countries were established as centralist nations, and would be governed for decades this way by leaders who, during Bolívar's last years, had accused him of betraying republican principles and of wanting to establish a permanent dictatorship. Bolívar also considered him his direct successor and had attempted to make him vice president of Gran Colombia after Francisco de Paula Santander was exiled in 1828. Miranda saw the republican cause as lost and signed a capitulation agreement with Monteverde on 25 July, an action that Bolívar and other revolutionary officers deemed treasonous. Gran Colombia was added to the game as part of the New Frontier Pass. He dreamed of a united Spanish America and in the pursuit of that purpose he not only created Gran Colombia but also the Confederation of the Andes whose aim was to unite the aforementioned with Peru and Bolivia. In order to find this equilibrium, Bolívar proposed a 'clever despotism', a strong executive power able to impose equality there where racial inequality prevailed. By 1815, Spain had sent to its seditious colonies the strongest expeditionary force that had ever crossed the Atlantic Ocean. Bolívar returned to Venezuela in 1807. [7]:6 He was baptized as Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar y Palacios. 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