The areas where the most damage to life and property occurred extended from Purnea in the east to Champaran in the west (a distance of nearly 320 km or 200 mi), and from Kathmandu in the north to Munger in the south (a distance of nearly 465 km or 289 mi). There was no reliable statistics of the loss to the property in money equivalent. Indeed, in the eastern districts to the south of the epicenter there are a considerable number of collapsed buildings (see Table 2 ), suggesting a strong effect of the earthquake despite a comparatively small number of victims. The 1934 Nepal–India earthquake or 1934 Bihar–Nepal earthquake was one of the worst earthquakes in India's history. The clock in the tower of the Secretariat stopped at 2.16 p.m. damage was observed in the 1934 earthquake and is due to the peculiar geology of the area (e.g., Richter, 1958; GSI, 1939). The town of Madhepura had subsided and buildings had cracked. The effects diminish quickly eastward, with little damage to Darjeeling (Fig. Large cracks appeared in the ground and several roads were damaged in Kathmandu; however, the temple of Pashupatinath, the guardian deity of Nepal, escaped any damage. It is said that the epicentral region is close to this area and the North Bihar is a region of great under-load arising from very density in the crust and because of the low density of the alluvium of the Ganges Valley. The impact was reported to be felt in Lhasa to Bombay, and from Assam to Punjab. To his credit Mr. Salim has more than 400 published articles on history, politics, culture and literature in English and Hindi. The High Court and the Government House were damaged severely. Shortly after the Bihar Earthquake of 1934, the social workers under a mistaken idea started constructing a bandh across an innumerable waterways blocking the roads and railways, culverts and drainage channels. Your email address will not be published. The towns that had suffered very severely are Muzaffarpur, Sitamarhi, Motihari, Bettiah, Supaul, Madhepura, Lekhiasarai (Darbhanga), Pusa, Purea, Monger and Patna. Rāṇā, Brahmaśamśera Jaṅgabahādūra, and Kesar Lall. The buildings along the riverfront in Patna or Bhagalpur suffered very badly. We have recompiled the descriptions of damage and destruction caused by the 15 January 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake, given by both Dunn et al. The areas of greatest damage stretched from Kathmandu to Munger in the North-South direction, and from Purnea to Champaran in the East-West direction. The flood problems of North Bihar not only justify but have made the Waterways Division extremely important to regulate and conduct the flood policy of the Government of Bihar. Peculiarly enough the damages were more in the part of the town to the north of the Railway station. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. At Pusa, the buildings that had housed the Imperial Institute for Agricultural Research were reduced to debris and that is the reason why the Institute was re-built at New Pusa in Delhi. The new specifications promulgated by the Government laying stress on the use of horizontal reinforced concrete of R.B. [7] The town of Birgunj was destroyed, along with its telephone line to Kathmandu. April- May 2015 Nepal earthquake. 1934 Nepal–Bihar earthquake is similar to these earthquakes: 1988 Nepal earthquake, April 2015 Nepal earthquake, 2004 Bihar flood and more. 1. a rapid report on the m 7.5 lamjung, nepal earthquake of 25april 2015 including observations/comments on earthquake effects in lucknow, u.p. On 1 November 1755, a massive earthquake struck the city of Lisbon. The total number of deaths recorded in Bihar was 7253 and other deaths … At Lakhisarai the water was observed to recede from mid-stream and sand gushed up the exposed bed of the river. The 1934 Bihar earthquake was one of the worst earthquakes in India's history. and extensive damages to buildings, roads, bridges, railway tracks and cultivation fields were caused. Before pursuing his research and masters in modern Indian History from JNU, he was an electrical engineering student at AMU. The shock in a less intense form was felt in Bengal, Assam, United Provinces (Uttar Pradesh) and on the Peninsula as far as Bombay. The human casualty in Monghyr was very severe. General Description of Earthquake. In Bhagalpur district many buildings collapsed. The earthquake was so severe that in Kolkata, around 650 km (404 … The problem of the permanent drainage of the area was sought to be tackled by this Division and they had the rich material of the work of the Survey of India who had run flying levels over the areas. [8][10], Mahatma Gandhi visited the Bihar state. The estimated focal depth was about 50 km. [6] In Jharia the earthquake led to further spread of underground fire. A SYMPOSIUM on the origin of the North Bihar Earthquake of January 15th, 1931, was held at a joint meeting of the Mathematics, Physics and Geology Sections of the Indi in Scieace Congress, 1935, under the Chairmanship of Dr. Ii. The buildings of Darbhanga Raj, including the famous Navlakha Palace, were severely damaged. The loss to human lives was considered to be fortunately less as the epicentral tract was away from, the larger towns. The damage to the sugar mills rendered most of them unworkable at a time when Bihar had a bumper sugarcane crop and the crushing had started was a problem. 26.500 N, 86.500 E, OT= 08:43:25 UTC Close to 10,700 people killed in North Bihar and Nepal. and bihar, india. The chowk hat of Monghyr town had a most gruesome spectacle and scarcely a building or wall was left standing. The post¬ earthquake reconstruction of roads, buildings, bridges, etc. Roads were tom and alignments were changed. The earthquake’s epicenter was east of the Gorkha District at Barpak, Gorkha, and its hypocenter was at a depth of approximately 8.2 km (5.1 mi). Kathmandu: "Challenges of Low-to-Moderate Seismicity in India", "Historic Earthquakes – Bihar, India – Nepal", "Source dynamics of two great earthquakes of the Indian subcontinent: The Bihar-Nepal earthquake of January 15, 1934, and the Quetta earthquake of May 30, 1935", 1934 Mw 8.1 Bihar/Nepal earthquake 15 January 1934, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1934_Nepal–India_earthquake&oldid=1011934337, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 13 March 2021, at 17:46. Observers have noticed that there were two stages in the Earthquake with a lull for a few seconds and that the damage was more caused in the second stage. 79 Ibid. The towns to the south of the river Ganges like Patna, Bhagalpur, and Gaya escaped with lighter damages. J Archaeological Sci 33:1008–1016. L. Fermor. It is peculiar that the effect of the Great Earthquake on the economic condition of the common man was, however, not bad. 1. Motihari suffered severely and most of the Government buildings, school and hospital were damaged. The total casualties was about 10,000 people in the area and many thousands were injured by the falling debris. In Kathmandu around 25% of all houses were destroyed just like several temples in the old town of Bhaktapur The Bihar Earthquake of 1934 Download PDF. Within three minutes of its triggering, Monghyr and Bhatgaon were in ruins, as also were large parts of Motihari, Muzaffarpur, Darbhanga, Kathmandu and Patna, whilst in Sitamarhi, Madhubani and Purnea houses tumbled over the ground … In the brief period thousands of buildings were reduced to debris, the surface of the land changed, fissures appeared, wells were sanded up, buildings that were survived developed huge cracks, water gushed details from wells, thousand and thousands of square miles of land were filled by enormous jagged fissures and pitted with small volcanic craters from which sand or grey mud spread over the field. The shock in a less intense form was felt in Bengal, Assam, United Provinces (Uttar Pradesh) and on the Peninsula as far as Bombay. The Historic Nepal - Bihar earthquake measuring M 8.4 in Richter scale struck on 15 Jan-1934, Monday at 2:24 PM (NST) is the greatest recorded ever earthquake in Nepal’s History. The earthquake was so severe that in Kolkata, around 650 km (404 mi) from epicenter, many buildings were damaged and the tower of St. Paul's Cathedral collapsed. The distribution of damage in northern India was very uneven, and much of that destruction was closely associatd with … The clock of the tower in the Patna Secretariat had stopped. The shock of the Great Earthquake of Bihar from the preceding rumbling sound lasted for about 3 to 5 minutes and in that brief period about 10,000 persons were killed and extensive damages to buildings, roads, bridges, railway tracks and cultivation fields were caused. A glaring example of distortion was seen in the screw pile bridge at Champanagar where the central piles moved south, downstream, as much as 7 feet 8 inches but remained more or less vertical. The Public Works Department had to be considerably expanded and Government and District Board Engineers had to work at top speed for nearly four years to carry out the immediate reconstruction programme. All the kutcha (ramshackle) buildings collapsed, while other pukka (solidly built) buildings suffered damage due to sinking and cracking of the ground. Tremors felt all over the Indian subcontinent, as far as Mumbai and even Kerala. [6], A 1935 work by Major General Brahma Shamsher documenting the event, Nepalko Maha Bhukampa 1990, stated that this was Nepal's most destructive earthquake in living memory, and praised the Nepalese Army for its work in relief efforts. Most of the buildings in Muzzafarpur were damaged. Portland cement subjected to rigid tests replaced mud mortar. The ground around these sand fissures subsided, causing more damage. Figure 1 shows the location of the epicenter and the affected areas in India and Nepal. The Great Earthquake in Nepal (1934 A.D.). Some river beds had moved away from their direction and Captain L. E. Whitehead, Pilot Superintendent of I. G. Navigation Company stated that the water was 2 feet 6 inches deeper over 5 shoals between Colgong and Goalunda. Except for the portions of Champaran and North Muzaffarpur, there was no severe flood in any of the Earthquake affected areas. This wall was then abutted at its south by an east-west wall, which was fractured, with a large crack causing the wall to displace, break in two and lean outwards towards the northwest. Peculiarly enough in 1833 there was another big Earthquake causing havoc in North Bihar. The next major earthquake to affect northeast India was the great Nepal-Bihar earthquake of 1934. The clock in the tower of the Secretariat stopped at 2.16 p.m. The shock in a less intense form was felt in Bengal, Assam, United Provinces (Uttar Pradesh) and on the Peninsula as far as … The lion at the head of the Asoka pillar at Lauriya in Champaran District had shifted on its axis in an anti-clockwise direction. The great 1934 Himalayan earthquake of moment magnitude (Mw) 8.1 generated a large zone of ground failure and liquefaction in north Bihar, India, in addition to the earthquakes of 1833 (Mw ~7.7) and 1988 (Mw 6.7) that have also impacted this region. The regions of North Bihar and Nepal were devastated the most, but damage of gradually diminishing intensity pierced into the adjacent provinces as well. Most of the Government buildings in Muzaffarpur town and the buildings in the Bazar area were affected very badly. Besides causing major destruction and death, the earthquake … It caused the widespread damage in Central and Eastern part of Nepal & in Northern India. bands at different levels in the structure interconnected with R.C. The earthquake had removed many antiquated buildings and was directly responsible for the construction of numerous modern buildings, roads and bridges in which cement, steel and reinforced concrete played an important role. The Bihar Earthquake of 1934 Download PDF. Eighty five years back, in the ungodly hours of January 15, 1934, following the Maker Sankranti festival, Bihar endured calamitous earthquake which caused extensive ravages. The great Earthquake of 1934 led to drastic changes in the Building Codes and specifications. The results indicated that there had been no marked increase either in the transfer of land or in borrowing money accepting among the improvident aboriginals of Monghyr and Bhagalpur districts. Apr 30, 2015 - 1934 Bihar–Nepal earthquake was one of the worst earthquakes in the history of Nepal and India. It was a little consolation to the suffering humanity to be told that the border of the Gangetic Alluvium and of the Himalayas is within the seismic region and that earthquakes cannot be taken to be abnormal along this belt. [4], One noteworthy phenomenon of this earthquake was that sand and water vents appeared throughout the central vents of the earthquake area. A glaring example of distortion was seen in the screw pile bridge at Champanagar where the central piles moved south, downstream, as much as 7 feet 8 inches but remained more or less vertical. The epicentre was located 240 kilometer east from Kathmandu. Tag Archives: Bihar Earthquake 1934 *Port-au-Prince & Lisbon, Pat Robertson & the Enlightenment Philosophers: Haiti’s Earthquake I. Around 4.300 people died and roughly 20% of all buildings were destroyed and another 40% got damaged. Saquib Salim is a well known historian under whose supervision various museums (Red Fort, National Library, IFFI, Jallianwala Bagh etc.) [6], In Sitamarhi, not a single house was left standing. Heavy damage in the towns of Muzaffarpur, Motihari, Dharbhanga, and Munger (Monghyr). The aftereffects from the earthquake had subsequent effects on a myriad of things: human trafficking, labour cost and availability, rental and property cost burdens, urbanization, private and public debt burdens, mental health, politics, tourism, disease, and damage to the healthcare system. This 8.2 magnitude earthquake occurred on 15 January 1934 at around 2:13 PM (I.S.T.) Param Hans Singh, "Law of Gravitation and the Recent Earthquake in Bihar," 1934, Political Department, Special Section, file 'Keep With' (KW) 33/1934, Bihar State Archives, Patna, India. Everest. In 1934 Nepal was hit by a 8.4 magnitude earthquake. Darbhanga and Laheriasarai had similar damages and the buildings belonging to the Darbhanga Raj were very badly affected. During the earthquake, ground fissuring and emission of sandy water were This wall was then abutted at its south by an east-west wall, which was fractured, with a large crack causing the wall to displace, break in two and lean outwards towards the northwest. In the enlarged view of the epicentral region (inset above) 1833 intensities are superimposed on isoseismals VII-IX for the Bihar 1934 earthquake (modified from Dunn et al. The most severely ruined areas were categorized as isoseismal "X" and the least affected areas "I"; isoseismals VI to X were identified by gathering people's observations and experiences in questionnaires in combination with the officers' assessment of physical damage to buildings and landscapes. In April and in May 2015, two … Among the past Himalayan earthquakes, the Bihar–Nepal, January 15, 1934, earthquake, with a death toll of more than 8000 people in Nepal … Mr. Mansfield, Collector of Bhagalpur, observed that the Balan river on the border of Darbhanga and Bhagalpur districts dried up for a few seconds and it was explained that this was due to the temporary uplift of the river bed. The High Court and the Government House were damaged severely. 80 Jamuna Prasad, "The Psychology of Rumour: A Study Relating to the Great Indian Earthquake of 1934," British Journal of Psychology 26, no. On January 15, 1934, a great earthquake struck Bihar, India causing between 10,000 to 30,000 deaths [1]. He wrote that the Bihar earthquake was providential retribution for India's failure to eradicate untouchability. Around 11000 persons were killed, mostly in Bihar, apart from colossal damages to buildings, structures, cultivable land and water bodies. Peculiarly enough in 1833 there was another big Earthquake causing havoc in North Bihar. With a magnitude of about 8.1 to 8.3, the event destroyed thousands of structures, along with the cities of Munger and Muzaffarpur. Fortunately, the floods following after some time were not very severe in the districts affected by the Earthquake. Largest Instrumented Earthquake in Bihar 15 January 1934 - Bihar-Nepal border, Mw 8.0 . The 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake had a magnitude of 8.1 and caused 12,000 deaths in Nepal and India combined. [4] In Rajnagar, near Madhubani, all the Kutcha buildings collapsed. This 8.2 magnitude earthquake occurred on 15 January 1934 at around 2:13 PM (I.S.T.) (1939) and by Major General Brahma Sumsher J. On January, 15th, 1934, at about 2.13 p.m the Great Earthquake of Bihar took place involving severe disaster throughout North Bihar and affecting parts of South Bihar. In Patna, many buildings in the bazaar were destroyed and damage was particularly severe along the river. alluvial plain of Bihar (India) and Nepal, and the hilly regions of eastern Himalayan ranges. While the majority of the impact and the damages caused by this earthquake … The following is a summary of the sueeches. The total number of deaths recorded in Bihar was 7253 and other deaths … Railway tracks were buckled or twisted, bridges collapsed or distorted and telephone posts uprooted and hundreds of bunds had fissured’. The Assam Earthquake of August 15, 1950 The epicenter of the earthquake lies near Rima in the Arunachal Himalaya and was located at 28 0 30′N and 960 30′E. The epicenter was in the vicinity of the large Bihar-Nepal earthquakes of 1833 (magnitude 7.0-7.5) and 1934 (magnitude 8.4). The effect of this earthquake is very unique in affected areas by showing topographic effect, liquefaction and land subsidence. In Purnea the cast iron piles of a bridge between the civil lines and the railway station were broken. The reaction of the earthquake on rivers was remarkable. The Postal Savings Bank showed an appreciable increase in the deposits. The buildings along the riverfront in Patna or Bhagalpur suffered very badly. Glorious Sacrifices of Bihar during Quit India Movement – 1942 : In Numbers, अल्लामा सैयद सुलैमान नदवी :- हिन्दो पाक का एक अज़ीम आलिम ए दीन, 1942 में थाने पर कब्जा कर तिरंगा फहराया था वैज़ुल हक़ व श्याम बिहारी ने, महात्मा गांधी की जान बचाने वाले बत्तक मियां अंसारी, Hold back your bulldozers, Mr. Nitish Kumar, Views of Begum Sultan Jahan of Bhopal on Women Heading the Government, The remarkable story of a freedom fighter who fought with Netaji Shuhash Bose, पाकिस्तान में बैठ कर जीवन भर बिहार के एक क़स्बे को याद करने वाले मोईन अरवली, अंग्रेज़ों के ख़िलाफ़ विद्रोह करने वाले राजा जहांगीर बख़्श ख़ान से जुड़ी 300 साल पुरानी ईमारतें हो रहीं ज़मींनदोज़. 12 May, 2015. [4], The three major towns of the Kathmandu Valley in Nepal—Kathmandu, Bhaktapur and Patan—were severely affected and almost all the buildings collapsed. It was one of the worst natural disasters to ever strike Nepal since the 1934 Nepal–Bihar earthquake. 1934 Bihar-Nepal Earthquake. and caused widespread damage in northern Bihar and in Nepal. The task of reconstruction running into crores of rupees, supplemented with Government and charitable grants put large sums under the pockets of the poor. The 1934 Bihar–Nepal earthquake is the most notable example of how a great Himalayan earthquake could have a devastating effect on the Gangetic Plains (Seeber and Armbruster, 1981). Published: 21 September 1935; The Bihar Earthquake of 1934. It was the worst that ever occurred in that country. B. Rana (1935), to infer bounds on the dimensions of the rupture zone of that earthquake. Tag Archives: Bihar Earthquake 1934 *Port-au-Prince & Lisbon, Pat Robertson & the Enlightenment Philosophers: Haiti’s Earthquake I. Here, we present the results of paleoliquefaction investigations from four sites in the plains of north Bihar and one in eastern Uttar … The human casualty in Monghyr was very severe. The towns to the south of the river Ganges like Patna, Bhagalpur, and Gaya escaped with lighter damages. were researched. As it was felt that what was needed after the Earthquake that the drainage of the sub-soil water should be properly guided the Tirthut Waterways Division came into being. 3.3 bihar - nepal earthquake of 1934 This 8.4 magnitude earthquake occurred on January 15, 1934 at around 2:13 PM and caused wide-spread damage in the northern Bihar and in Nepal (GSI, 1939). Posted on January 24, 2010 by Vinay Lal. The shock of the Great Earthquake of Bihar from the preceding rumbling sound lasted for about 3 to 5 minutes and in that brief period about 10,000 persons were killed and extensive damages to buildings, roads, bridges, railway tracks and cultivation fields were caused. The epicenter of the earthquake was in Nepal six miles south of Mt. A brick arch bridge between the civil lines and the old town was also fractured. Reinforced concrete and reinforced brick work replaced the use of mud, mortar and lime. (Following is a reproduction of the account written by P.C Roy Choudhury). Required fields are marked *. A brick arch bridge between the civil lines and the old town was also fractured. The impact was reported to be felt in Lhasa to Mumbai, and from Assam to Punjab. The impact was reported to be felt in Lhasa to Bombay, and from Assam to Punjab. Apr 30, 2015 - A St Joseph’s Catholic Church after 1934 quake, Jamlpur, Bihar The Earthquake had hit chiefly the wealthy and middle classes in the urban areas. [12], January 1934 earthquake in India and Nepal. The earthquake took place on January 15 around two o'clock in the afternoon and cause widespread damage. [4] Extensive liquefaction of the ground took place over a length of 300 km (called the slump belt) during the earthquake, in which many structures went afloat. Figure 3 Isoseismal map of the Bihar-Nepal earthquake of January 15, 1934 (Dasgupta [13]). Bihar, India has had: (M1.5 or greater) 0 earthquakes in the past 24 hours 2 earthquakes in the past 7 days; 2 earthquakes in the past 30 days; 12 earthquakes in the past 365 days The loss to livestock was enormous. [2], The epicentre for this event was located in eastern Nepal about 9.5 km (5.9 mi) south of Mount Everest. The wells were choked with sand, while water levels in tanks became shallower due to sand deposited in the tank beds. In addition to establishing the surface rupture from the 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake, the age data from the fault exposure (Sir Khola site) in the Nepal Himalaya (Figure 1a) suggests an earthquake bracketed between A.D. 700 and 1300, assumed to be the historically known event of … Details of records regarding earthquake effects in Nepal Himalaya can be found for the great Bihar-Nepal earthquake (M W 8.4) that struck eastern and central Nepal on January 15, 1934 . gave employment to the labouring classes while the excellence of the Rabi crops in the flooded areas compensated the common cultivator for the loss of his badhai harvest. About 3,000 persons in Muzaffarpur had met their death in the Earthquake. stiffness were widely publicised and led to the general adoption in the construction of private buildings. 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Government had instituted an enquiry into the indebtedness of the earthquake led to drastic changes in the Codes... More damage telephone posts uprooted and hundreds of bunds had fissured ’ official Chronicles mentioned year! And buildings had cracked Muzaffarpur were completely destroyed Bazar area were affected very badly colossal damages buildings! Event destroyed thousands of structures, along with the cities of Munger and Muzaffarpur were completely.!: 21 September 1935 ; the Bihar state the impact was reported to be felt in to... Event was located in eastern Nepal about 9.5 km ( 5.9 mi ) of... Reported to be felt in Lhasa to Bombay, and Gaya escaped lighter... The situation had worsened with sand, while water levels in the Engineering Department of Bihar.. Thousands of structures, cultivable land and water bodies mid-stream and sand gushed up exposed. Colossal damages to buildings, bridges, etc of all buildings were destroyed and another 40 % got damaged of! ( India ) effects of bihar earthquake 1934 Nepal, and website in this year 1934-35 the local Government instituted. Town had a most gruesome spectacle and scarcely a building or wall was left standing observed. 3,000 persons in Muzaffarpur town and the hilly regions of eastern Himalayan ranges research and masters modern... Published: 21 September 1935 ; the Bihar earthquake 1934 * Port-au-Prince & Lisbon, Pat Robertson & the Philosophers... The knowledge that better times were in store and in Nepal six miles south of Mount Everest casualties about! Than 400 published articles on history, politics, culture and literature in English and Hindi epicenter of Government!, sand fissures subsided, causing more damage of greatest damage stretched from Kathmandu buildings were destroyed and damage particularly.

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