One of the simplest solutions to reducing the urban heat island effect is to provide more shade, with trees. Anyone who removed trees on council land was required to contribute to a fund that pays for greening of private properties.The grey to green program has become steadily more ambitious.More than half of Southbank Boulevard has been closed to create a new 2.5 hectare linear park.A traffic roundabout in Errol Street, North Melbourne was Two streets in Carlton were shut down to expand University Square.But one of the city’s most ambitious and controversial projects to date is to convert the 1.5 hectare open-air car park at Queen Victoria Market into Thermal images taken during a heatwave show the car park is one of the largest urban heat islands in the city.But some market traders and shoppers vehemently oppose the public square plan, fearing the loss of the open air car park will kill off the market.One thousand car parks will be made available near the market, but opponents say these are too far away for those who like to fill their car boots with fresh produce.In his wildest dreams, Professor Adams says he never imagined projects of this scale when those 10 trees were planted in Mason Street back in 1985. Sydney already has about 100 buildings with green roofs or green walls, including the award-winning “Some recent work coming out of our centre found that if you put green roofs on the rooftops all across Sydney you reduce the temperature but you can actually increase the humidity a little bit,” Hart says. This anthropogenic heat is something Hart argues we need to understand and deal with. One of the simplest solutions to reducing the urban heat island effect is to provide more shade, with trees. Another approach that can cut down on heat absorption is to consider different surface materials for roads and pavements. More public transport means fewer heat-producing cars on the roads. 6 City of Melbourne Docklands Urban Precinct Plan 2014 - 2024 City of Melbourne 7 Why are we concerned about climate change, urban heat island and population growth? The Vision.

“On thermal images, you can see clearly the red hotspots of cities are streets, roads, carparks – wherever there is bitumen and concrete – and you can see the contrast with parks, garden and trees,” says councillor Cathy Oke, chair of Melbourne City council’s environment portfolio.But tree planting has its limitations: trees can’t be planted in the middle of roads, they can’t necessarily be planted on private property, and there are also potential issues with having too many trees. “If we’re building buildings that can deal with these conditions a little bit better than they currently do and we don’t have to rely on air-conditioning so much, then you’ve got less energy consumption and less waste heat.”There are no simple solutions, but ignoring the problem is definitely not an option, Oke says. Isotherms on a map show an urban area with higher temperatures emerging like a warm island floating on a cooler sea. We want to see more greening in Melbourne by planting more plants and trees to grow our urban forest. “It’s a trade-off that we’ve got to work through.”One alternative is green roads with a more porous surface that allows water to seep in and even grass to grow through, which in turn cuts down the amount of heat absorbed by the road surface. Road surfaces, pavements and buildings all contribute to keeping urbanised environments three to four degrees hotter than surrounding non-urbanised areas.Thermal images taken in a January 2017 heatwave show the impact of urban heat islands in Melbourne. It provides a foundation for individuals and institutions with an interest in the city’s future to work towards common goals. In 2012 Melbourne city council launched an … The city has cut its emissions by 31 per cent since 2011-2012.“The lights in our street, the barbecues in our parks and the treadmills in our [council-run] gyms are all powered by renewable energy,” Cr Reece told the mayors.Five years ago, Melbourne City Council pledged to increase its tree canopy from 22 per cent to 40 per cent by 2040, which means it needs to plant more than 3000 trees every year.Professor Adams says trees can lower street temperatures by as much as four degrees.About 300 to 400 trees a year are lost to disease or development in the City of Melbourne, he said, with sick trees replaced by the council on top of new tree plantings. CSIRO’s Dr Simon Toze gives the example of some US cities that went overboard on tree planting and as a result, women felt less safe walking around the streets.“We want to make sure that what we do is not actually having a detrimental effect elsewhere,” says Toze, principal research scientist at CSIRO Land and Water’s Urban Living Lab, highlighting other issues such as water use and bushfire risk that can have implications for tree-planting efforts. From grey to green: Melbourne deals with its urban heat issues

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